light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
Kamen Rider (TV series, the titular character)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
licensed; chartered; officially allowed; legitimate
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
all present; all concerned; all of us
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
mole; lentigo; beauty spot
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
God bless me!; Good heavens!
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
wait-and-see (situation, stance, etc.); waiting to see (how things play out); watching developments (before acting)
on the same occasion; at the same time; coincidentally; along with; partly (to do, for)
to poke (repeatedly, lightly); to nudge; to peck at (one's food); to pick at; to peck at (someone's faults, etc.); to egg on
coming; going; being (somewhere); come; go; stay
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn