clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
strenuous exertion; spurt; splurge
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
false charge; false accusation; misrepresentation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
innocence; guiltlessness; absence of the fact; insubstantiality; (arch.) insincerity; (arch.) dishonesty
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to condemn; to blame; to urge; to press; to torture; to torment
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicate reason; infers some protest
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.