the sun; god of heaven and the earth; laws governing the heavens; celestial path; celestial motion; deva realm (svarga); path in the heavens
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
whole universe; total universe; all of creation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
voice; speech; sound of a voice; sound (e.g. of a TV)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to look forward to something
suspension; stoppage; discontinuance; interruption
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry