indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
resonance; sympathy (with a view, idea, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
shut-in; stay-at-home; hikikomori; social withdrawal; shunning other people
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
retrogression; reversal; relapse; doubling back; backtracking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
refusal; rejection; denial; veto
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
horse riding; horseback riding; horseback rider
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
bishop (chess piece); bishop
finishing blow; coup de grâce
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
adds force or indicates command
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
serious; not joking; straight
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding