to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
consequence; outcome; result; blame
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
conclusion; decision; end; settlement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
something unusual; something wrong; mishap; accident; serious condition (e.g. after an injury); different situation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...