halo; hello; hallo; harrow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to bend down; to bow down; to prostrate oneself; to hide oneself
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ranking; toplist (e.g. of WWW sites)
sole; single; solo; independence; singleness; singularity
first place; head position; leading position
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
rank; place (e.g. first place); decimal place; counter for ghosts
fall; tumble; spill; degradation; comedown; demotion
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly (when declining); less and less
to sit on the edge of one's seat; to be in breathless suspense
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cool (temperature, color, etc.); cool (i.e. calm and collected); cool (i.e. fashionable, attractive, etc.); course (of medical treatment); season (series) of a television program (usu. 13 installments over a 3-month period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)