time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
sprout; shoot; bud; germinal disk (in an egg)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to pick up; to find; to gather
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to keep (a pet or other animal); to have; to own; to raise; to rear; to feed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
name; given name; first name
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
major cleanup; spring cleaning
continuation; rest (of the story, work, etc.); flow (e.g. of a piece of writing); pacing (of a story); succession (of); sequence