sorry; excuse me; thank you
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
in that way; thus; so; so?
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
Deneb (star in the constellation Cygnus); Alpha Cygni
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
contract; compact; agreement
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
to stand watch; to stand guard; to look out; to open (one's eyes) wide
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
descendant; scion; lineage
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up