indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
honorific/polite/humble prefix
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
time; hour; period; class
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
Deneb (star in the constellation Cygnus); Alpha Cygni
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)