indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
bomb; alcohol with liquor added (esp. wine-based shōchū highball, also beer with whiskey)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yew plum pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
ankh; Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for life
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
explosion; detonation; eruption; eruption (of discontent, etc.); outburst; outpouring
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to