as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
father; dad; husband; you; he
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
respect; esteem; reverence; honour; honor
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
forever; for good; eternally; as long as one likes; indefinitely; no matter what
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to set aside; to keep in reserve; to hold on to
rolled egg; rolled omelette (omelet); fried egg; frying pan for making rolled eggs
suffix for familiar person
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to be renewed; to change; to be improved; to be reformed; to stand on ceremony; to be formal
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker