Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
baby's first annual festival
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
serving (of food); helping; chilled soba served on a dish (often on a wicker basket or in a shallow steaming basket) with dipping sauce
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
okara; soy pulp; tofu dregs; edible pulp separated from soybean milk in the production of tofu
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sorry; excuse me; thank you
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to miss (doing); to fail (to do)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
famine; crop failure; chronic shortage (e.g. of water)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey