to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
hand; arm; handwriting; penmanship; 'shake' (command to have a dog place its paw in your hand)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to trouble; to bother; to annoy
to incur divine punishment; to pay for one's sins; you'll pay for that!; what goes around, comes around
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
Tenpō era (1830.12.10-1844.12.2)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
beginning of the year; early in the New Year
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become indisposed; to feel unwell; to have one's physical condition deteriorate
to go to bed; to be sick in bed; to be laid up
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
really; truly; indeed; good grief
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
wisdom; wit; sagacity; prajna (insight leading to enlightenment)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
when it comes to ...; concerning; where ... are concerned
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such