here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital; former name of Tokyo); Yedo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
rate; ratio; one tenth; ten percent; (comparative) profit; gain; assignment
drainage; ditch; gutter; sewage; black water
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
machiya; traditional wooden townhouse; tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stand side by side; to stand in a row
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
(my) wife; inside the home; one's family
harmonious; peaceful; happy; amicable; smooth; free from trouble
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
ancestral; hereditary; handed down from generation to generation; for generations; from generation to generation
a family; a household; (one's own) style; school; gang; (yakuza) family
family; clan; sect; school; group of related sumo stables
Glory to the Sutra; Hail Lotus Sutra
for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages
the House of Tokugawa; the Tokugawas
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to serve; to work for; to attend
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
immediate follower (of the shogun)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
Tenshō era (1573.7.28-1592.12.8)
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters); Japanese transverse bamboo flute (high-pitched; usu. with seven holes); sliver (strand of loose fibers)
battle; fight; fighting; engagement; contest
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
great achievement; glorious deed; (gaining) fame; (earning) distinction
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give (an example); to list; to summon up (e.g. all of one's energy); to gather; to arrest (a criminal); to capture; to nominate (e.g. for a position)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to spread (of a rumour, news, etc.); to travel; to be handed down (from generation to generation); to be passed down; to be introduced (to a country, region, etc.); to be brought; to be conveyed (of a feeling, impression, etc.)