indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
singing voice; (sound of) singing
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
all present; all concerned; all of us
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
very early in the morning; so early in the morning; at this ungodly hour
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
good thing; nice thing; good excuse; good grounds; interjection used to impress an idea or to urge a response
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
plentiful; abundant; definitely extant
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to catch fire (of charcoal); to start burning; to burn away; to burn merrily
formal marriage interview; marriage meeting
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
first warbling heard in a New Year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to learn by experience; to learn one's lesson; to learn the hard way; to be discouraged (by); to have enough (of); to be disgusted (with)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
this occasion; at this time; now