indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
training (animals); breaking (animals)
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
in any case; regardless; either way; since it makes no difference anyway (you might as well ...); since it won't change the outcome; if you are doing it regardless
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
love; romance; tender passion; emotion; affections
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
office; official; chief; head; person (usually a woman) who officiates at religious ceremonies (on the Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa)
slowly; tardily; complaining; grumbling; unsettled (e.g. weather); loose
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
fertile shoot of field horsetail
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole