win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
sovereign power; the reins of government
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
about when; about what time; how soon
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
armed might; military power; the sword; force
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
splendid horse; promoted bishop
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
knowledge applied to evil purposes
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
(political) administration; political power
to let go of; to release; to part with (e.g. a possession); to relinquish; to send away (e.g. one's child); to let go