win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
sovereign power; the reins of government
restoring (power, etc.) to the emperor
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
about when; about what time; how soon
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
armed might; military power; the sword; force
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
rule; government; administration
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
splendid horse; promoted bishop
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Satsuma and Chōshū (clan alliance)
(political) administration; political power
to let go of; to release; to part with (e.g. a possession); to relinquish; to send away (e.g. one's child); to let go