destruction; demolition; smashing apart; uchikowashi riots (Edo period); destructive urban riots protesting the high price of rice
great; excellent; distinguished; important; awful; terrible
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
Chōshū; (former) Nagato Province
conquest; subjugation; overcoming; chastisement; punishment; punitive expedition
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
benevolence (esp. as a virtue of Confucianism); consideration; human; kernel; nucleolus
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
at that time; in those days; at that moment; then
spirit; sprite; energy; vigor (vigour); fine details; semen
profit; advantage; benefit; rebirth in paradise, entering nirvana
(large) building; public building; hall
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
something like ...; something called ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
characteristic (of); peculiar (to); inherent (in); eigen-
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
nothing but; except; no more than
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
nature (of a person); disposition; temperament; quality; inherent characteristic; property
use; utilization; utilisation; application
impure; adulterated; foul; mixed; dishonest
material; substance; matter
separation; partition; detachment; segregation; isolation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
question; inquiry; enquiry