no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
adds force or indicates command
mouse; rat; dark gray; dark grey; slate (color, colour)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(your) business; (your) concern; (customer's) order; official business (of the government, Imperial Court, etc.); arrest; capture
this very day; today is the day (that ...); today for sure
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
boss; leader; kingpin; chief; head (e.g. of a crime syndicate)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
to be somewhat different (from before, from others, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
running away; escaping on foot
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
abandoned child; foundling
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign