to fire (gun, arrow, questions, etc.); to shoot; to set free; to release; to emit (e.g. light); to give off (e.g. a scent)
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
kaki; Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assault; to challenge; to take on; to be bold; to be audacious
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
old enemy; longtime enemy; arch-enemy; traditional rival; longstanding foe
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
recovery; rescue; recapture
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to break; to be smashed; to split; to crack; to be divided (opinion, vote, etc.); to split (e.g. of a party); to come to light
Qing dynasty (of China; 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
acting shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
antiquity; ancient times; bygone days; former times
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to turn back; to go back; to come back; to return; to retrace one's steps
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
carefully; closely; attentively; profoundly; deeply; at length
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
three; three years of age
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do