next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
this occasion; at this time; now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to congratulate; to celebrate
very; much; greatly; a lot of
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
all present; all concerned; all of us
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
small dining table (usu. for a single person); serving tray (with legs); meal; food; counter for bowlfuls of rice; counter for pairs of chopsticks
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
adds force or indicates command
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to exchange; to swap; to barter; to replace; to substitute
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate