this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
kan (obs. unit of weight, approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); kan (obs. unit of currency, equiv. to 1000 mon in the Edo period; col. 10 mon in the Meiji period); counter for pieces of sushi; 10 points; 12 points
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
beyond this point; from now on; after this
how; in what way; how about
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
various countries; various regions; various provinces
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till