this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
kan (obs. unit of weight, approx. 3.75 kg, 8.3 lb); kan (obs. unit of currency, equiv. to 1000 mon in the Edo period; col. 10 mon in the Meiji period); counter for pieces of sushi; 10 points; 12 points
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
10,000; ten thousand; 10^4
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
citizen; resident; person; user (of a website, esp. as a collective, e.g. Twittersphere)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make (the best) use of; to put to good use; to let live; to keep alive; to revive; to resuscitate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
beyond this point; ahead; from now on; after this; in the future
how; in what way; how about
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
street; road; traffic; coming and going; flow (of water, air, etc.); passage; transmission (of sound)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
shogunate; bakufu; shogun's headquarters; Imperial Guards office; residence of the Imperial Guards commander
to put back up; to stand back up; to restore (to former strength); to revive (e.g. the economy); to make again (a plan, policy, etc.); to reformulate
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
various countries; various regions; various provinces
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till