once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
one party; one faction; one clique
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
riches; wealth; resources; lottery
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
remote island; distant island; punishment by exile to a remote island
judgment; judgement; decision; verdict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
recovery; rescue; recapture
(Meiji era) official responsible for court ceremonies
scheme; tactic; stratagem; trick
by means of; due to; because of; according to
arrest; apprehension; capture
just before; on the verge of; on the brink of; just in front of; just ahead of
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to corner; to drive to the wall; to run down; to track down; to chase after
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
to say; to be called; to do