what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
appearing for the first time (esp. vocabulary, kanji, etc. in a school textbook)
to have a talk; to tell a story
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take (advice, etc.); to accept
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
row house built on top of a castle wall; row houses surrounding a main residence; having great knowledge about Buddhism; Vaisravana (one of the Four Heavenly Kings)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to get along; to add (one's own concordant voice, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
honorific/polite/humble prefix
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!