the Kyōhō Reforms (1736 economic reforms)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
river; stream; River; the ... river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
taking care of one's health; recuperation; covering (with a protective material); coating; curing (concrete)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to step aside; to move (i.e. out of the way); to make way
to do something in readiness for; to get something (needful) done
bamboo (any grass of subfamily Bambusoideae); middle (of a three-tier ranking system)
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
poor; needy; lacking (quantity and quality-wise); poor; scanty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to pierce; to penetrate; to sting (wound or sensitive area, etc.); to smart; to be infected (with vice); to be steeped (with prejudice)
adds force or indicates command
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
(medical) doctor; physician
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
honorific/polite/humble prefix
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question