indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to avenge (somebody) by striking down their killer
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to boost; to force up; to push up
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
ruler of the whole country; person who holds the reins of government
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to well up; to burst; to arise
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
to outwit; to outmanoeuvre; to steal a march on; to get the jump on; to anticipate; to forestall
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
battlefield; battleground
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be silent; to say nothing
guardianship; guardian; (theatrical) assistant; prompter
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to establish; to formulate
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
to raise; to bring up; to rear; to cultivate; to foster; to nurture
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
by all means; at any cost; whether (one is) willing or not; willingly or unwillingly; on no account; by no means
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces