indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
way (of doing); manner; method; means
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come true (of a wish, prayer, etc.); to be realized; to suit (e.g. a purpose); to meet (wishes, ideals, etc.); to match (implies competition); to rival
this world; this life; world of the living
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; (arch.) happy-go-lucky
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
position; situation; viewpoint; standpoint; point of view
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
peace and tranquillity; halcyon times of peace; peaceful world
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
worst; worst-case (scenario)
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way