Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one by one; one after another; successively
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
Honnōji Incident (forced suicide of daimyo Oda Nobunaga by his samurai general Akechi Mitsuhide; June 21, 1582)
Akechi Mitsuhide (1528-1582.7.2)
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
revival; restoration; resuscitation
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
interruption (e.g. of a conversation)
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)