mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
one's own strength or effort; (by) oneself
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
(a) step; one step; level; stage; small degree; small amount
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place to put something; storage space; storehouse; depository; repository; shed
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to subsist; to keep on living
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
solitude; loneliness; isolation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
don't you think?; indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; reasonable; moderate
to be stubborn; to be obstinate; to be perverse; to not give in
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
father; dad; husband; you; he
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
madder (esp. Japanese madder, Rubia argyi); madder (red color)
guide; tour guide; conductor; guidebook
rikka; formal style of ikebana
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
third month of the lunar calendar; (arch.) thick growth (of grass, etc.); Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE); Yayoi culture
hello; good day; good afternoon
village headman; village mayor
first generation; founder
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already