indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see through (a plot, lie, etc.); to penetrate into; to discover; to find out
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
pursuer; pursuing party; posse
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be injured; to sustain a wound
dried fish (or shellfish, etc.)
sale; selling; selling point; gimmick; seller; vendor
honorific/polite/humble prefix
vine; bine; bow; temple arm; connections; contacts
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
side; edge; beside; while (doing); in addition to; at the same time
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
woman; female; feminine gender
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
witnessing; observing; sighting
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to be noisy (e.g. from people talking); to be discomposed (e.g. feelings)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
garden watchman; garden keeper; guard of the inner garden
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore