nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
good health; stopping misfortune; preventing disaster
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
adopted child (usu. male); son-in-law
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
reason; circumstances; grounds; because of; due to; as a result of
unreasonable; irrational; outrageous; absurd
occurrence; happening; incident; event
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
doubt; suspicion; question; strangeness
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
news; word; tidings; omen; foreboding; premonition
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
secret; private; surreptitious
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
that; the matter in question
having no way of knowing; being completely ignorant of