direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
Takashima Shuuhan (1798-1866)
Dutch studies; studies of Western knowledge
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to ask for; to apply for; to make an application for; to file a request for; to submit (e.g. one's resignation)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
imperial court; shogunate government; authorities; public affairs; official; government
as (for); for; in the capacity of
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
to perceive; to understand
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
new moon; first day of the lunar month; (in ancient China) next year's calendar and decrees (distributed by the Emperor at year's end)
fat; fatty; grand; magnificent; excellent
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to (happen to) see; to notice; to catch sight of
to address (someone); to accost a person; to talk (to someone); to begin to talk; to start a conversation
how; in what way; how about
dealing with (people, customers, complaints, etc.); receiving (callers, visitors, etc.); attending to; handling; serving
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt