to be surprised; to be astonished
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
proxy; ringer; substitute; second serving of noodles (to add to previously purchased ramen)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
two persons; two people; pair; couple
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
concentricity; same mind; unanimity; policeman; constable in the Edo period
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change places; to relieve one another; to replace someone
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(as alike as) two peas in a pod
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
advantage; benefit; profit; interest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to say; to be called; to do
hot water; hot bath; hot spring; molten iron
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to closely resemble; to suit well; to match well; to go well with
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do