this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
seasoning; flavour; flavor
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
picturesque (scenery); unspoilt; beautiful
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
holiday; day off; furlough; absence (from work)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
social life; social intercourse
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to begin to attend (e.g. school)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
loveable; very likeable; like very much
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
than; from; out of; except; but; more
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo