beautiful tree; tree producing beautiful flowers
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
study; diligence; discount; reduction
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
(one's) wife; (someone's) wife; landlady