this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(Platonic) ideal (of how things ought to be, e.g. human rights); foundational principle; idea; conception (e.g. of the university); doctrine; ideology
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
development; exploitation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
enterprise; business; company; corporation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
support; backing; aid; assistance
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
river; stream; River; the ... river
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
used (ticket, stamp, etc.); spent (fuel, battery, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
action; movements; motions; bearing; behaviour; behavior
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...