indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
suffix for familiar person
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
pardon me for leaving (first)
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
lush mountain; green mountain; grave; burial place
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
counter for birds, rabbits, etc.
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(water-filled) paddy field
(arch.) bracelet (made of stringed jewels or bells and worn at the elbow); bracer (for the elbow of an archer)
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
working exclusively for; working full-time (for)
search (esp. in criminal investigations); investigation; inquiry; enquiry