indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
danger; peril; hazard; risk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
letter; missive; note; mail
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to smash; to crush; to shut down; to put out of business; to wreck; to break; to butcher
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
until now; so far; up to the present
to build up; to establish (one's reputation)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
care; precaution; guarding; caution