to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to make up for; to compensate for; to indemnify; to recompense; to redeem (e.g. a fault); to atone for
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
even if; (it doesn't matter) whether (A or B or ...); whatever; should
this way (of doing); this method; this sort (of thing); this type
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to determine (esp. a culprit or underlying cause); to pin down; to ascertain; (arch.) to stab to death
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
detection; sense (e.g. sensor)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
true character; real nature
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me