indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
small number; few; minority
fierce (fight, competition, etc.); severe; hot; hard; bitter; keen
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
between-season wear; spring and autumn clothing; together; condition; situation; -ish
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
to win and advance to the next round
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
prize money; monetary award; reward
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
division; splitting; sharing; distribution; dissemination; allocation
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
abstention (from voting); renunciation (of a right); withdrawal (from a contest)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
war; battle; match; game; competition