indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a.m.; before noon; ante meridiem; AM broadcasting; amplitude modulation
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one day; (on) a certain day
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
question; inquiry; enquiry
job application form; employee satisfaction
voting; ballot; poll; vote
minority group (party); minority
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
small number; few; minority
to win and advance to the next round
prize money; monetary award; reward
hundred million; 100,000,000; 10^8
yen (currency of Japan); circle
to lose; to be defeated; to give in (to); to yield; to be inferior (to); to be second (to)
debt; loan; liabilities; number of games under the .500 mark
100,000,000; one hundred million; 10^8
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...