inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; test; check; scan (e.g. MRI, PET); audit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
termination (of a contract); cancellation; rescinding; lifting (of a ban, sanctions, etc.); removal; release (from obligations)
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
how; in what way; how about; questionable
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
to obey respectfully; to humble oneself; to sit straight (upright, respectfully, attentively)
to apologize (apologise); to refuse; to decline; to be unable to bear; to be defeated (by)
please (give me); please (do for me)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
as you (they, etc.) say; as you suggest; I absolutely agree
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
recovery; undoing; recall
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
else; in addition; besides
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to receive; to get; to accept; to take (someone's words or behaviour); to interpret; to understand
now; the present time; just now; another; more
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
... is the reason; ... is my excuse