year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
use; utilization; utilisation; application
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to induce (somebody to do something); to tempt; to act toward (somebody in a certain way); to handle (men); to send; to forward to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
project; enterprise; business; (arch.) act; (arch.) deed; (arch.) conduct
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
inheritance; bequest; legacy; heritage
to inherit; to succeed; to take over
family; members of a family
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the real criminal; true culprit
pasturing; letting (an animal) run loose; letting (someone) do as they please; leaving (something) to take its own course; letting (an issue) go unchecked
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
victim; injured party; sufferer
official announcement; proclamation
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
fragment; scrap; cut end; cut-off piece; chip; odds and ends
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
compensation; indemnification; reparation; consideration
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
answering machine; answerphone