indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
a little over; a little more than; powerhouse; one of the biggest; upper (seismic intensity)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
confession; acknowledgement; confession of love; professing one's feelings; confession of sins (e.g. the confessional)
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
one revolution; one rotation
falling down; tumbling; reversing; inverting; getting upset
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
now; the present time; just now; another; more
number one; first; best; most; game; round
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")