Tokugawa Nariaki (1800-1860)
restraining (someone); restraint
directly under; falling perpendicularly
Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)
floating weed; greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza); precarious; unstable
to marry off; to espouse to
cause of a disease; root of an evil
factional infighting (conflict); antagonism between factions
to retaliate; to return a blow; to strike back at; to retort
young person acting like an old person; officials who helped the council of elders during the Edo period
helper; assistant; second
family which supports a temple; parishioner
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
snell (fishing); leader; trace; cast
measurement error; calculation error
family tree; pedigree; genealogy
Kii (former province located in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures)
philandering; itch for women
to marry (a woman); to take to wife; to take in marriage
according to plan; as planned; on target
disciple; pupil; follower
worm-eaten; moth-eaten; holes eaten in clothing, leaves, etc. by caterpillars, moths, etc.; leaf warbler (any bird of genus Phylloscopus); chiffchaff
Harima (former province located in the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture)
unintelligible language; incoherent language; talking nonsense; "all Greek to me"; double Dutch; (something) incomprehensible
to get off one's backside; to bestir oneself
prudence; judgement; sense; discipline; care; control
ban on entering (a building, venue, etc.)
dying in vain; wasteful sacrifice of life