Tokugawa Nariaki (1800-1860)
restraining (someone); restraint
addition; adding up; integration; estimate; quantity survey
directly under; falling perpendicularly
Western medicine (as introduced to Japan by the Dutch during the Edo period)
floating weed; greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza); precarious; unstable
court physician (of the Shōgun and his household, Edo period)
to marry off; to espouse to
doctor practising Western medicine (during the Edo period)
doctor of Chinese (herbal) medicine
cause of a disease; root of an evil
factional infighting (conflict); antagonism between factions
to retaliate; to return a blow; to strike back at; to retort
smallpox vaccination; inoculation against smallpox
wife of a shogun or a highest-ranking nobleman
young person acting like an old person; officials who helped the council of elders during the Edo period
helper; assistant; second
curious onlookers; rubbernecks
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty
traditional Chinese medicine