indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
all varieties of flowers; many flowers
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
don't you think?; indicates question
moat; fosse; canal; ditch
(arch.) sudden; (arch.) abrupt; (arch.) stupid; (arch.) foolish; attaining enlightenment in one effort (without ascetic practices, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
war; battle; match; game; competition
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
technique; art; skill; move
gong (instrument); gong (sound at the end of round, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
match; game; bout; contest
good-looking guy; handsome man; hunk; Adonis; cool guy
pro wrestling; professional wrestling
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's