indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
in (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); inside the line; in; inside; enter here; enter
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
war; battle; match; game; competition
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
round (esp. in sports, negotiations, etc.); rounds (e.g. nurse, security guard, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
repechage; revival series
blackberry (esp. the common blackberry, Rubus fruticosus); BlackBerry (mobile device)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
player (of a sport); athlete; team member
to be defeated; to be beaten; to be unsuccessful; to lose
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...