indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mysterious power of words to alter reality
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
please (give me); please (do for me)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
large amount of money; great cost
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
overall victory; championship