learned society; scientific society; academy; academic meeting; academic conference
additional information used to identify an address (e.g. building name, room number)
succession to a fief; inheriting a domain
strong-willed person; old hand; shrewd rascal; strong man; brave man
to be flustered; to be confused
to jeer (at); to hoot; to boo; to catcall; to heckle
promotion of industry; encouragement of new industry
true Tokyoite; person born and raised in Edo
to give an important position
bout (in sports, etc.); match; effort; initiative; dealing with
enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)
black vinegar, usu. produced from unpolished rice; charred kelp or shiitake mushrooms ground and mixed with vinegar, used to dress raw fish and vegetables
very rude; very insolent; extremely reprehensible; outrageous
Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
collision; bumping into; head-to-head training; drill consisting of pushing and being pushed; battering practice
face; mug; surface; cheek meat; (arch.) cheek; (arch.) cheeks
the treasure that is children; child
care of (e.g. address on letter); c/o; encouragement; bringing around; stimulant; tonic
tomboy; rebounding; recovery; repercussions; rashness; incautiousness
trying one's luck; test of one's luck
let me humbly say; most humbly; with all due respect
(festivity) page; baby; child; (arch.) boys kept by pederasts
tsukemono; Japanese pickled vegetables
making one's best exertions
fame; distinction; rise; advancement
the Industrial Revolution
to eat too much; to overeat
pioneer; leader; taking the initiative; leading an attack; charging ahead of others (towards the enemy)